jeremychen
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- 金幣
- 923
中間這罐的成分也是螯合銅
cupramine是絡合銅，將銅固定在有機胺蛋白質型態上。
-=-=-=- 以下內容由 lammark 在 2009年01月21日 03:59am 時新增 -=-=-=-
這個很好用，但台灣好像沒有人代理這個牌子。
-=-=-=- 以下內容由 lammark 在 2009年01月21日 04:08am 時新增 -=-=-=-
COPPER MEDICATION DEVELOPMENT
Copper Salt (Cu2+, cationic or ionic copper)
At first the basic copper medication was a water mixture of a copper salt (e.g., copper sulfate). The copper concentration in this form is hard to control in saltwater. Copper in this form will easily complex with carbonates -- even carbonates that were in the salt water making up the alkalinity! The copper would precipitate out of its dissolved state and no longer be available to do the job of killing off the parasites. These medications I remember well. When added to the aquarium water, there would be a ';cloud'; of bluish-white haze in the aquarium water. This was some of the copper coming out of solution.
Controlling the copper concentration in this form was a problem for the aquaculture industry, and a nightmare for the hobbyist. The aquaculture industry had neither the time or the money to keep testing their water to hold the copper in the ';effective range'; to kill the MI and MV, yet not kill their stock. This copper was so ';effective'; at killing (even fish) that some fish just couldn';t even live in the concentration it took to kill the MI and MV. By this, I mean to make clear that the copper in this form is very lethal even to the fish it is supposed to treat. This copper medication isn';t even considered a choice by today';s standards.
Chelated Copper
The next major development in the medication, was to ';protect'; the copper from complexing and coming out of solution so readily with the carbonates in the water. Thus came the ';chelated copper'; medications. (Chelated is pronounced KEY';lated). The copper was more reliable for staying in solution. What was done was to shield the copper ion with a weak, very large molecule (e.g., Ethylenediametetraacetic Acid or EDTA) The copper ion still complexed with carbonates and the copper still precipitated out of solution, but not as much. The chelated copper was more stable compared to the plain copper salt medications. More fish now could be treated with this form of copper. But the most sensitive of fishes (e.g., dwarf angelfishes, some large angelfishes, some tangs, and scaleless fishes (sharks, rays, etc.)) could not be treated with this form of copper.
Complexed Copper
The serious breakthrough came when the copper, instead of protected by a weak complex in the chelated form , could be chemically bonded to a protein molecule. In this case, the copper is still lethal to the MI and MV, but it keeps an arm';s length away from affecting the fish. It resists complexing with carbonates making the concentration much easier to control and to get to remain steady. This copper form could now be used on any ornamental fish, and scaleless fish. This complexed copper is safe and yet effective at killing off MI and MV.
http://www.reefland.com/forum/marine-fish-care-health-disease-treatment/18915-copper-treatment-use-problems.html
-=-=-=- 以下內容由 lammark 在 2009年01月21日 03:59am 時新增 -=-=-=-
這個很好用，但台灣好像沒有人代理這個牌子。
-=-=-=- 以下內容由 lammark 在 2009年01月21日 04:08am 時新增 -=-=-=-
COPPER MEDICATION DEVELOPMENT
Copper Salt (Cu2+, cationic or ionic copper)
At first the basic copper medication was a water mixture of a copper salt (e.g., copper sulfate). The copper concentration in this form is hard to control in saltwater. Copper in this form will easily complex with carbonates -- even carbonates that were in the salt water making up the alkalinity! The copper would precipitate out of its dissolved state and no longer be available to do the job of killing off the parasites. These medications I remember well. When added to the aquarium water, there would be a ';cloud'; of bluish-white haze in the aquarium water. This was some of the copper coming out of solution.
Controlling the copper concentration in this form was a problem for the aquaculture industry, and a nightmare for the hobbyist. The aquaculture industry had neither the time or the money to keep testing their water to hold the copper in the ';effective range'; to kill the MI and MV, yet not kill their stock. This copper was so ';effective'; at killing (even fish) that some fish just couldn';t even live in the concentration it took to kill the MI and MV. By this, I mean to make clear that the copper in this form is very lethal even to the fish it is supposed to treat. This copper medication isn';t even considered a choice by today';s standards.
Chelated Copper
The next major development in the medication, was to ';protect'; the copper from complexing and coming out of solution so readily with the carbonates in the water. Thus came the ';chelated copper'; medications. (Chelated is pronounced KEY';lated). The copper was more reliable for staying in solution. What was done was to shield the copper ion with a weak, very large molecule (e.g., Ethylenediametetraacetic Acid or EDTA) The copper ion still complexed with carbonates and the copper still precipitated out of solution, but not as much. The chelated copper was more stable compared to the plain copper salt medications. More fish now could be treated with this form of copper. But the most sensitive of fishes (e.g., dwarf angelfishes, some large angelfishes, some tangs, and scaleless fishes (sharks, rays, etc.)) could not be treated with this form of copper.
Complexed Copper
The serious breakthrough came when the copper, instead of protected by a weak complex in the chelated form , could be chemically bonded to a protein molecule. In this case, the copper is still lethal to the MI and MV, but it keeps an arm';s length away from affecting the fish. It resists complexing with carbonates making the concentration much easier to control and to get to remain steady. This copper form could now be used on any ornamental fish, and scaleless fish. This complexed copper is safe and yet effective at killing off MI and MV.
http://www.reefland.com/forum/marine-fish-care-health-disease-treatment/18915-copper-treatment-use-problems.html
